![]() Advection fog: air moving over cold ocean currents.Adding Moisture (or mixing with cool moist air).The list below describes the three ways air parcels can become saturated. ![]() To put this another way, we know that clouds form when the atmosphere is saturated. To become saturated, the air either needs to cool with the same moisture content (move left on a constant e 0 line), or increase the moisture content (move upward on a constant T line) until the air meets the saturation curve. Imagine a point on the right side of the line, at T=75 ☌, and e 0=12.5 kPa. temperature have an exponential relationship ( CC BY-SA 4.0). The Clausius-Clapeyron relationship showing that saturated vapor pressure vs. Sub-saturated air has a relative humidity below 100% and super-saturated air has a relative humidity above 100%. The region to the right of the line represents air that is sub-saturated, and the region to the left of the line represents air that is super-saturated. The line represents the vapor pressure at saturation for a given temperature. Recall from Chapter 4, the Clausius-Clapeyron diagram. They are falling but they fall so slowly that they appear to be suspended in the air. The cloud droplets or crystals are so small that their terminal velocity, the highest velocity possible as an object falls through a fluid, is negligible. What is a cloud and how does it form?Ī cloud is a collection of suspended particles of water droplets and/or ice crystals in the atmosphere. In addition to identifying the cloud, you should know the general altitude (low, mid, or high), cloud class (convective or stratiform) and whether or not it is a rain cloudĬumulus clouds (Photo by Shintaro Russell).Differentiate between and identify major cloud types including cumulus, stratus, cirrus, altostratus, etc.Describe the difference between cumuliform and stratiform cloud classes.Describe the importance of cloud condensation nuclei in cloud formation. ![]() By the end of this chapter, you should be able to:
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